Where the Gold Rush Happened - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 355 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gold Rush Essay Did you like this example? Introduction   Ã‚   Have you   ever wondered who found the first peace of gold in the gold rush? These topics are going to teach you about where the gold rush happened, about getting rich in the gold rush, and about the forty niners.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Where It Happened   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a small town called Sutters mill, California 300,000 people arrived to hunt for gold.The gold rush started in january 24, 1848 and ended in 1855.It also happened in sierra nevada.To get there many people traveled in wagons or horse across the oregon trail also some traveled by ship,some traveled from the tip of south America,it was a very dangerous journey to the gold rush. The majority of the people who came to the gold rush came from England,Ireland,America,China,and Germany. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Where the Gold Rush Happened" essay for you Create order Getting Rich   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   James w. Marshall was the first person to find gold in the gold rush.At first he kept it a secret when people found out that is what started the gold rush.During the gold rush gold seekers stayed in mini camps.That all happened in 1848-1855. Thousands of people got rich during the gold rush. All the thousands of people that got rich in all found 750,000 pounds of gold. So many people got rich the food got expensive it started out cheep the the more and more people got rich the price went up. Forty Niners   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The forty came from all over the   world. The forty niners are a group of pioneers from Eastern united states. They are called the forty niners because they left their homes to go to the gold rush in california in 1849. The forty niners are very important to the gold rush because most of the people in the gold rush is the forty niners.  Ã‚   Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The topics of where the gold rush happened, about getting rich in the gold rush, and about the forty niners are included in the gold rush, and the gold rush is a very important event in history because the gold helped speed up the admission of California into the US as a state. With this information pace it with at least one person.

Improving Studentss Progress Towards Success - 2233 Words

Often times in education young teachers speak loftily of wanting the best future for their students. This expression of empathy and passion for their student’s lives is easier to say than it is to execute. Comparably, when love-struck couple promises to do anything for each, even give their life for their dearest, the words are easier to say than to live up to the daily challenges and obstacles. It’s easy for a teacher to passionately express their well wishes for a student but much harder to live out the difficult commitment to facilitate their students’ progress towards success. For me this began with a realization that my content area subject was not the most important thing for me to be teaching my students, it was literacy. Only†¦show more content†¦In 2006 the ACT confirmed that reading and comprehending difficult texts directly correlates to academic achievement (ACT, 2006). Reading skills are arguably a prerequisite for authentically engaging wit h critical thinking and historical thinking skills in social studies. Social studies as a body of knowledge is built upon on the recorded interactions, stories and dynamics of past actors and to engage in the study one must be able to thoroughly comprehend and expertly analyze the documents (Cleary, Neumann, 2009). Such well-developed reading comprehension skills are so necessary that many researchers are describing the degree of literacy necessary to engage with social studies concepts and documents as ‘critical literacy’ skills. Stephen Wolk defines critical literacy and its purpose as â€Å"is not to tell students what to think but to empower them with multiple perspectives and questioning habits of mind, and to encourage them to think and take action on their decisions through inquiry, dialogue, activism, and daily decisions (Wolk, 2006).† Critical literacy is paramount to social studies; it is the ability of the student to go beyond thorough comprehension a nd to apply a creative and relevant critique and analysis of the past, present and future in order to fully participate as a citizen in our democracy. Social Studies is â€Å"about questioning and power, living for the common good, understanding and appreciating the past† and with critical literacy students are able

The Kroger Company Free Essays

The Kroger Company is an Ohio based retailer and manufacturer of grocery products with over 2,000 retail outlets covering 24 states. There are ten Kroger Marketing Areas that report to Headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Michigan Kroger Marketing Area covers the State of Michigan with offices in Livonia. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kroger Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Livonia office supports 83 retail stores in the state with local Marketing, Product Procurement, Personal Training, Merchandising, Market Research and Facility Engineering. The role of a Produce Buyer for Kroger requires many management skills. The Buyer has to depend on many different individuals to get product from the field to the hands of shoppers. The individuals the Produce Buyer deals with includes people inside Kroger and outside organizations such as growers, distributors, brokers, jobbers and trucking companies. The Produce Buyer†s responsibilities include procurement of product, pricing of product, shipping of product, retail-merchandising direction, forecasting and evaluating department performance. The Produce Buyer needs to examine multiple items to develop the plan for getting produce to the consumer. The first step is developing an Ad-plan to meet their sales and profit objectives. The design of an Ad-plan requires current knowledge of market conditions, competition checks, last year†s ad-plans, last year†s sales and movement reports, and sales meetings. Market conditions include product availability, seasonal products, quality of product, growing areas, and product and transportation cost. Analyzing the competition involves visiting competitors† stores and reviewing their advertisements from prior years. Reviewing Kroger†s previous year advertisements assists in developing a base for an effective Ad-plan. The use of sales and movement reports supplies performance of the Ad-plan implemented for the same time period last year. The sales meeting involves the gathering of all merchandising directors and local VP†s to coordinate the process of developing an overall Ad-plan for the Michigan Kroger Marketing Area. The Ad-plan meeting is used to make adjustments and corrections to achieve the sales goals and objectives for the entire organization. The Produce Buyer needs to make use of multiple forms of communication to perform their daily duties. The use of email and faxes are mechanisms to help facilitate the procurement process. Email is used to get market conditions from various parts of the country, transmit purchase orders, confirmation of orders, interoffice communication, store communication and vendor solicitations. Received faxes supply market conditions for the country, vendor solicitations, response to product recalls and survey orders. The phone is used to contact stores about quality problems, receive detailed feedback from brokers, make product orders, schedule meetings, and locate late deliveries. The two key organizing functions a Produce Buyer would use to achieve projected goals are developing Sales Plans and Department Layouts. The Sales Plan and Department Layouts provide stores with information on where and how to display products and gives them ordering guidelines. This information is used to determine what to buy and how much product should be purchased. The placement of product within a store has a direct effect on the amount of product that will be sold. Placing bananas on the end of a display piece will move better than if placed between apples and pears. The growing area would have a direct effect on the quality and appearance of the product that could result in an increase or a decrease in sales. If Florida†s strawberries lacked color, then the determination would be made to purchase from the colorful California variety to produce the needed sales. The process of establishing standards, goals and targets, measuring performance and identifying deviations for the Produce Buyer are the guidelines for a manager to insure plans are carried out or modified to achieve the organization†s strategy. The sales plan is set by the Produce Buyer as a tool for the store produce department manager to use as a guideline to reach the target goals for the buyer. The sales plan supplies the necessary merchandising standards for the stores to help maximize sales. These include special product handling, ordering specifications, fruit layout and cross merchandising tips. The buyer†s performance is gauged by monitoring product movement on a daily basis, by weekly sales reports that recap the previous week†s retail sales and profit and comparison of these figures to the set budget. The other gauge used is the shipment report to evaluate actual movement versus projected movement of the week. The sales plan requires adjustment when projected sales and profit are not met for the week. To compensate for not achieving the week†s targets the following week†s sales plan must be modified in an effort to meet the goals. The Buyer uses a budget as a control tool to set goals for sales, expenditures, and profits. At Kroger, the Buyer strives to achieve both a sales dollar goal and a profit percent goal. These goals are set up in four-week increments called periods. There are thirteen periods in a calendar year. The first step in the budgeting process is to develop a sales forecast and sales budget. In the Kroger organization, each of the ten Marketing Areas† controllers are given a budget by the Cincinnati corporate office for their division. The controller in turn requires that the Merchandising Director of each department submit a sales and rate for the entire year broken down by period. The directors need to consider economic conditions, competitors† actions, and seasonal fluctuations to ensure an accurate forecast. Once the Directors have completed their departmental budgets, they return them to the controller for their review. The controller will apply these budgets to the planned budget for the Marketing area and if needed, the Directors may be requested to fine tune their projections in a effort to meet the needs of the entire company. It is the ultimate responsibility of the controller to ensure the Marketing Area stays on the correct path to return the expected results. The Buyer uses the budget set by the Director of the department as a guideline in planning, organizing, and controlling procurement activities. An operating report is issued at the end of each period, which summarizes the sales, revenues, and expenses and compares actual results to projected budget. The Buyer uses the operating report as tool in measuring performance. The role of the Human Resources department at the Kroger company is staffing, compensation, performance, safety, training and development, and labor relations. Many of these functions can be applied to the role of a Produce Buyer in the organization. The job description for a Buyer is a collaborated effort between Human Resources and the Director of Produce Merchandising. The Human Resources Department acts as a filter in screening out applicants for the buying position who do not meet the minimum requirements of the position. Training programs and workshops are facilitated by Human Resource personnel and are focused on strengthening a Buyer†s professional and personal growth. A Buyer†s Performance Review is normally administered by the Director of Produce Merchandising and then a copy of the performance review and objectives is reviewed and filed in the Human Resources office. The information on the Performance review is use to determine the promotability of a Buyer. Key information related to promotability is highlighted on a Successive Planning Chart in the corporate Human Resources office in Cincinnati. The Planning Chart lists all management personnel in the company and is used to determine when an individual is ready to be promoted and to what position. This process is used when filling a vacant buyer†s position. A Kroger Buyer is faced with individual and group decision-making each day. Weather conditions, late truck arrivals, product quality, and product quantities can cause problems where a Buyer would need make a decision. In many of the cases, due to the highly perishable nature of the commodity, decisions need to be made quickly. How to cite The Kroger Company, Essay examples

The House of Dies Drear free essay sample

Also, in chapter 19, which is also the end of the book, Virginia Hamilton used another cliffhanger, which led us to the next book, The Mystery of Drear House. That way, it will give people the motive to read on to the next book and make the readers eager to read the next book. Metaphor revealed through out the book, such as: The stream in the moat. The covered planks are the drawbridges, Thomas thought. And the house of Dies Drear is the castle. In this case, the house of Dies Drear is being compared to a castle, it gives us a mysterious mood, and the impetus can make the story more interesting than just saying everything straightforward. Virginia Hamilton used the plot structure/plot diagram in her book. Beginning, rising action, climax, falling action and ending. The beginning of the story is when the Smalls moved in, rising action in when they knew about the backgrounds of the house and Pluto. We will write a custom essay sample on The House of Dies Drear or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Climax is when they had their revenge on the Darrows. The falling action shall be the sequel of The House of Dies Drear. I find this very interesting because Virginia Hamilton wrote The Mystery of Drear House also, but she started working on it 18 years after the first book was published. The sequel was about what happened after, and explained most parts of the mystery in the first book. She, herself also said that â€Å"I began it by looking for an opening, something I hadn’t done in the first book. ‘ What did I miss doing in Dies Drear? ’ I asked myself. ‘Is there anything I left out I can pick up in the second book? ’† Throughout the second book, she mostly solved all the mysteries in the first book, which acted as a falling action and the ending. Not a lot of authors decide to put the ending in a separate book. In addition to this, the writer uses some stylistic effects to make the story interesting to read. Such as descriptive words and allusion. In the book, Virginia Hamilton used a lot of descriptive words to make the book more interesting. Such as Onomatopoeias, the word hissed around them, stopping Mr. Small’s forward movement. It can make the readers have a vivid image in their mind, to make it more realistic through out sounds and word descriptions. Also, allusions can make people relate to the history and understand what something means. Such as Pluto’s name, was from the Roman god of death. This allusion gives the readers a creep thought about Pluto and they can relate it both to what Pluto have done in the book and to his name’s meaning. To conclude, I think that The House of Dies Drear is effective because of its form, mystery and historical fiction, which made the book more interesting. The normal structure of plot but broke in to 2 pieces. Last the use of words and allusion in the book made it very successful.

Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World Essays -

Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World By: Jack Weatherford Brandon Gibson Stacie Brewer History 101 Western Civilization to 1689 Fall 2017 1st Term Jack Weatherford writes in a very appealing style, which had a large impact in the speed that I could finish the book. This book was written so well that it was on the New York Best Time Seller list for several weeks. The positives of Weatherford's writing are that he combines other historian's data with some of his own and it grabs and holds the attention of readers. The author uses examples and stories extraordinarily well to clarify his points so that the reader can relate to the material. The entire book is written so that it is very easy to comprehend. This allows someone from just about any education level to understand easily and can follow along. Taking that into account , I would suggest this book to someone who would not have the least bit of interest in history. It is very clear that Weatherford is a creative writer, blending the history of Genghis Khan with incredible enthusiasm , in turn paints a clear picture of the past . The very first page after the table of contents, is an ancestral table showing Genghis Khan, his family, and the lineage beyond him. The rest of the bo ok is organized in chronological order starting with an introduction about Weatherford's gathering of information and travels , followed by three text sections broken further down into chapters about the life of Genghis Khan , and ending with an epilogue. The structure and layout of the book is another key reason why I feel this book is great for any education level because it is presented, in my opinion, in the easiest way for a reader to understand and retain. Jack Weatherford's main theme for the book is how the Mongols would forever change the world through many different methods. Starting with the medieval times all the way till current day. Weatherford would go on to support his main theme by making connections between the Mongols, the Renaissance, an d the series of events that resulted in these combing . One of Weatherford 's main supporting ideas, was the importation of the printing press, blast furnace, compass, gunpowder, as well as Persian and Chinese painting s from the Mongol Empire . These items were all catalysts in providing the chang e into the modern world . He would make his case very powerfully and provides massive amounts of evidence . He displays how the Mongols also have an indirect influence in Europe. He also explains how the Mongols were very innovative during the renaissance while the European view was of a very destructive and vulgar culture. Weatherford portray ed all this by laying out a very thorough timeline about Genghis Kahn and his rise to power as well as how the Mongols viewed warfare, which honestly , was not the most honorable method of war, but it is what allowed for the Mongols to conquer and achieve victory. One very interesting point that Weatherford used to support his main idea about Genghis Kahn and his conquering of the world was that he was not born a military genius. Many people believe Genghis Kahn was born a military m astermind, however, everything h e would learn about war would be through mistakes. Trial and error was his learning process for successful raids and war. Outside of the main theme, w hat I like about this book is how Weatherford describes the multitude of raids, wars, and ambushes that the Mongols conducted and puts it in perspective. He provides a thorough comparison between t he Mongols and their opponents who would often t orture and maim prisoners, typically for entertainme nt . I also found , Weatherford 's explanation and reasoning for each invasion intriguing. He would also provide a political viewpoint behind each event from the Mongol perspective . Weatherford would support these views by explaining very well how each raid was either a brutal massacre or quite easy and peaceful. The word choices in his descriptions are what make it easy to follow and understand. What is

Aramark Global Analysis

Aramark Global Analysis Aramark Global Analysis Aramark Corporation (hereunder Aramark) is an American-owned business, which has so far established its operations in 22 countries all over the world. In its website, Aramark indicates that it offers services in different sectors, which include business and industry, healthcare, sports, entertainment, higher education, and apparel (Aramark, 2014a).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Aramark Global Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aramark is an international business because it produces and distributes goods and services, not only in its home country, but in other 21 countries spread across Europe, Asia and the American continents.  Azevedo and Bertland (2000) describe an international organization as â€Å"a decentralized federation with distributed resources and delegated responsibilities that allows the foreign operations to answer to the local differences† (p. 3). True t o the foregoing definition, Aramark is a decentralized organization, which has assigned responsibilities to different offices across the 22 countries. Additionally, the company has provided the overseas offices the mandate and resources necessary to cater for local differences. Aramark Ireland has, for example, set cultural theme days as one of the ways of marketing itself in the country. Additionally, Aramark Ireland translates its staff training manuals into languages that the staff members can comprehend. Moreover, the company changes its restaurant menus to reflect diets that serve the medical, therapeutic and religious diets of the consumer market in Ireland (Aramark, 2009). Theories and Concepts of Globalization, Multinational Strategy and International Business Bartelson (2000) has conceptualized globalization as transference, transformation and transcendence. In reference to transference, Bartelson (2000) indicates that globalization has led to a situation where, national, r egional, cultural and other forms of boundaries do not prevent the transfer of goods and services from a unit to diverse countries, regions or cultures. The foregoing is true in Aramark’s case because the company operates in diverse nations, regions and cultures. The transformation concept according to Bartelson (2000) indicates that globalization transforms the systems and units of doing business as they were traditionally understood. Consequently, traditional systems and units that were limited by geography and space can now be replaced by market-oriented structures where competition is crucial. When applied to Aramark, the foregoing concept could be interpreted to mean that rather than worry about competitors in its home country, Aramark should be concerned about competitors in the global front, because, such competitors symbolize a competitive risk. In relation to transcendence, Bartelson (2000) argues that globalization defies the limitations of â€Å"pre-constituted un its or agents† (p. 189).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transcendence is arguably a hard concept to grasp, but as Bartelson (2000) explains, it means that the boundaries and limitations that existed in the past have now been wiped away. Instead, the globalised world has networks that are not temporal or spatial. Used in context, the foregoing may be reflected in the real time communication that occurs in between Aramark’s headquarters in the US and its other offices across the world. Multinational strategy Firms that have a multinational strategy have other markets in addition to their domestic market (Lynch, 2011). In Aramark’s case, the other markets are the 21 countries, which it offers its products and services to, in addition to its home country, the US. A multinational strategy has a distinct strategy for all the different markets ta rgeted by the company (Lynch, 2011). The foregoing situation is informed by the fact that customer needs, preferences and demands differ between countries. In Aramark, the multinational strategy is reflected in how services are customized to each country’s consumer market and the prevailing market conditions. International Business Theory Porter’s diamond theory seems more applicable in Aramark’s case compared to other theories. The theory posits that the competitiveness of a nation (or in this case an international company), is affected by four things namely: factor conditions (i.e. the factors that a company can exploit e.g. labor in order to gain competitive advantage of its rivals), demand condition (i.e. the demands by the consumer market, e.g. for excellence); supporting industries (i.e. the cost effectiveness of suppliers); and the structure, strategy and rivalry of a firm (Mahmud, n.d.). Arguably, and although this is a hard thing to determine from t he publicly available information regarding Aramark, the company is favored by all the four demand factors in Porter’s diamond model. The foregoing assertion may not be true in all the 21 countries, but in countries like china, the company’s competitive advantages is attained from a combination of factors which include: its ability to utilize the cheap labor, the high demand for its services, the support industries in the country, and its structure, strategy and an almost absent market rivalry (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012). When, How and Why Aramark Entered Into Foreign Countries Aramark first took the international path in 1968, when it served in the Olympic Games held in Mexico (Aramark, 2014b). By then, the company was known as Automatic Retailers of America (ARA) (Aramark, 2014b). Aramark’s partnership with the Olympic Games organizers propelled it to international operations (Aramark, 2014b).Advertising We will write a cus tom term paper sample on Aramark Global Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ‘why’ of entering into foreign countries is best explained by the fact that the company saw an expanded market in those countries, and the fact that it had developed internal capacities to move into the foreign market. In 2001, for example, the company entered Ireland and Chile after expanding its service offers to include food services, healthcare, uniform services and conference center services. Arguably, the reasons why Aramark ventured into foreign markets came true; its wide market base is a confirmation that the opportunity that the company had seen in the foreign market, did indeed exist. The Potential, But Unrealized, Advantages of Internationalization to Aramark The world today has 196 countries. Aramark has only established its operations in 22 countries. The foregoing statistics means that there are still more countries that Aramark can find a ready market. Africa is, for example, one continent that Aramark needs to consider. With 55 countries in total and a population of approximately 1.033 billion people, the continent is no doubt a ready market for different consumer items and services. Global Integration and Local Embedding Aramark integrates its activities by ensuring that the same standards of quality are used everywhere (Aramark, 2009). Additionally, the company has benchmarks on issues such as diversity, which all its overseas operations have to abide with. To embed such activities locally, Aramark has given its foreign operations the mandate to change whatever needs to be changed in order to meet customer requirements and expectations. However, and as has been revealed by Aramark (2009) any market-appropriate change that is made in the company has to keep within identified performance and quality standards. Competitive Factors Driving Aramark’s Global Business Development Aramark targets institu tional buyers, who incidentally have weak bargaining powers. The foregoing position can be explained by the reality that Aramark does not have many competitors who can provide similar services, at the same quality, and the same efficiency (Aramark, 2009).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, institutional buyers buy frequently, in large quantities and would, therefore, face high switching costs. However, Aramark’s suppliers have stronger bargaining power because they deliver the supplies to Aramark in large quantities, and the company would not be in a position to find other suppliers at a short notice. Aramark is arguably faced with the threat of new market entrants. However, since the company has a diverse business portfolio, the threat of new market entrants is more pronounced in some business lines (e.g. in janitorial services) than it is in others (e.g. in energy management services). Another competitive factor which Aramark has to contend with is rivalry in the industry. Luckily for Aramark, its brand works to market its services hence ensuring that although competition is stiff in some of its business lines, its reliability usually attracts a significant market share over less-know service providers (Aramark, 2009). Brand Strategies to Enhanc e Internationalization Aramark went into foreign markets by exporting its own brand name. The company has performed impressively so far and as such, one would argue that its branding strategy was successful. In future, however, the company might consider strategic partnerships with established non-competing firms in new investment destinations. Such partnership would assure the company of a ‘soft landing’ in countries where business cultures are completely different from the US. New Areas for Global/International Expansion As indicated elsewhere in this paper, Africa’s population and its growth rate provides Aramark with a viable potential market. The company may also look into other developed countries in Asia (e.g. Singapore). References Aramark. (2009). Global diversity and inclusion: Our journey. Retrieved from aramark.com/Documents/Diversity-Report.aspx Aramark. (2014a). Services and industries. Retrieved from aramark.com/ServicesandIndustries/. Aramark. (20 14b). History. Retrieved from aramark.com/AboutARAMARK/History/ Azevedo, G., Bertland, H. (2001). From multinational to global companies: Identifying the dimensions of change. Retrieved from guilhermeazevedo.com/public/dimensionsofthechange.pdf Bartelson, J. (2000). Three concepts of globalization. International Sociology, 15(2), 180-195. Lynch, R. (2011). Strategic management (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mahmud, R. (n.d.). The theories of international business. Retrieved from academia.edu/4333675/Theories_of_International_business United States Securities and Exchange Commission. (2010). Form 10-K: Aramark Corporation. Retrieved from http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9MTE5MzU5fENoaWxkSUQ9LTF8VHlwZT0zt=1

Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Resource Management - Essay Example Risk management and improving value should be the key measures to be taken by the CIO. The Cohen act also goes ahead to state the functions of a CIO which is mostly taking measurement of the performance in the company. Performance in the company can be measured according to how much it is of benefit to the company. This is a very key area in the performance management process. The CIO has to develop maintain and facilitate the IT architecture. He should come up with goals and see them through. The CIO should take performance measures to find out the viability of the set goals in regards to the losses the company has suffered and the risks apparent. These risks should be well analysed by the CIO and a plan to execute change should be formulated. Considering the various roles the CIO has to play, there are various executive decisions that will need to be made in light of the problems and risks noted. One of the problems cited was the company expenditure. The company expenditure will be keenly observed to find out which areas exactly take more than necessary. Once found the CIO should come up with way to improve on accountability and service delivery to the consumers at the very end. With a proper financial report on the expenditure in technology in any given financial year should be enough to help the stakeholders make important decisions that will directly affect the company. Communication breakdown between the management and the business units on their job descriptions cost the company a fortune and by communicating through the various channels available would be very essential in ensuring that everyone does what is expected of them. Good communication between all the ranks in the company will ensure that the company goals are properly communicated to all that it concerns and this way, the waste in the system will be easily eliminated. The

Voluntary Disclosures and Accounting Theories Essay

Voluntary Disclosures and Accounting Theories - Essay Example Accounting principles are based upon some principles and one of the important principles of accounting is full disclosure principle. As per the full disclosure principles the companies must disclose all the relevant information about the company like the financial statements, accounting policies followed, additional information etc. Apart from the various mandatory disclosures many companies discloses many voluntary information like sustainability report, cost of training employees etc. All these activities add value to the organisation and thus are important for the stakeholders to take an informed investment decision. Voluntary disclosures and accounting theories The concept of voluntary disclosers originates from a variety of accounting theories. Therefore the relevant accounting theories have been studied in order to understand the need of voluntary disclosure of information. The need of voluntary disclosure originated from the two basic theories namely normative theory and posit ive theory. Normative theories: The basic premise behind the normative accounting theories is the subjective opinion which tells one what is good and what should be done. This is an opinion based theory which is based on the standards. This theory is aimed at helping the accountants to decide on the things which should be done and the making them aware on the various aspects which can be used to compensating and rectifying any error which is not suitable as per their judgement (Banerjee, 2010, p.1223). The two disclosures which are normally done as per this theory are the disclosure of the intangibles and the disclosers regarding the corporate social responsibilities. As it has been discussed that the normative theory states that accountants should judge between the acts which should be done therefore the disclosers regarding the corporate social responsibilities is a way of informing the stakeholders that the matters which are opinion based have been taken care off. The normative t heories are based on certain assumptions which set up standard for doing an activity and it is assumed that the organisation will perform that activity is that way only. As per the concept of normative theory the organisation should have some unique way of recording and treating a transaction or performing any activity and that activity should be done as per the laid down standard. The accounting policies are based on these theories but to some extent all the assumption and every aspect of the normative theory is not followed by the organisation like the organisation do not follow a unique and single set of policy to records its assets for indefinite point of time. Like IAS 38 prescribes the rules and methods which have to be followed while recognising and measuring the intangibles assets (Deloitte, 2011). Positive theories: The positive theories are very different from that of the normative theory. Some of the important positive theories are positive accounting theory, legitimacy t heory, stakeholder theory and institutional theory. The basic premise of the positive accounting theory is explaining and predicting the accounting practices which can be actually followed by the accountants. Thus the nature of positive accounting theory is descriptive rather than subjective. The normative view of accounting is opinion based which tell what the accountants should do rather than predicting what actually can be done.

Cannabis Industry Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cannabis Industry Leadership - Essay Example From the study it is clear that Ethan Nadelmann is among the individuals who are enforcing moves towards marijuana legalization. He serves as the Drug Policy Alliance administrative director. He stipulates that the government should not interfere with the activities of those individuals who use marijuana. Nadelmann has for about two decades has adopted reforms that influence deliberate awareness, arguing that the fight against cruel laws on drugs is not only about fighting for the rights of individuals that use drugs. He also targets popular substances such as marijuana. The move targets fighting against the overreach actin exercised by the federal government hence end the pointless drug ban among humans. As the report explores legalization of marijuana was a neglected issue 20 years ago before the Nadelmann’s entry to the field. At this period, only criminal growers participated in the practice by issuing leaflets in various shows to demand the government to stop interfering with the marijuana industry. Presently, however, the efforts that Nadelmann has put forth have led to the legalization of cannabis in two states, while it is used for medicinal purposes in an additional 16 states. Nadelmann is also an influential policy entrepreneur who targets any issue affecting domestic matters. The major force that drove Nadelmann to support the legalization of marijuana was the idea that drug abuse was considered a crisis in the public health field.

The Nature and Basis of Economic Growth

The Nature and Basis of Economic Growth Mahnoor Hussain Sadia Gondal Suha Qasim Memon SZABIST Before the Second World War, the idea of development was influenced by principles of free market economy. In the middle third of the twentieth century, the phenomenon prevailed that the main responsibility of the economic development depends on the government of the country. So accordingly, if a particular country is economically backward or underdeveloped, then the government is to be blamed. Hence, it is the government’s responsibility to catch up with the progress (the idea of convergence was introduced back then). This belief developed mainly because of Russia. During that time, Russia (former USSR) was a communist state, where the role of government was greatest. Private sector had minimal role in the economy. Private and public goods were provided by the government. Government had the sole responsibility of providing welfare of the public. The greater the national self-consciousness, the greater will be economic backwardness of a country. It is also believed that the colonial powers were behind the economic backwardness of the dependent, colonized countries for the reason that these territories did not carry out an effective economic policy, inactivity was the part of the colonizer’s general policy. Greater economic activity in the quest of economic growth was common amongst metropolitan, colonial and post-colonial countries. Our concern would be on the consequences faced by the federalist states who were inspired by the greater economic growth pursuit. The consequences are categorized into financial and economic. Economic aspect of the consequence includes those things which cannot be reduced to the financial side of the consequences. The distinction between the two is necessary but neither of the aspects stressed upon the fact that arise in federations are peculiar to federations. Nor either of the consequence is a product of effective development policy – they were recognized, by every means, in the early times. The role of government was minimal. The problems that emerged out of the two heads were indeed separable, though each of them was intensified differently by the active development policy. Beginning with the financial aspect of the consequences: the economic problems were thought of as a part of the financial side. Moreover there was just one approach to development that conceived both the term as one term. Normally, economists differentiate a poor and rich country by the difference in the capital per capita (capital supply per head of population, k=K/L). With the help of this indicator, the stepping up of the rate of capital accumulation is evaluated.. It is difficult for poor country to get much from voluntary savings, hence, as an alternative; a compulsory saving is done through the states budget. Old style public services, along with the new development expenditure are financed through taxation. Funds raised through budget surpluses can be directly utilized into a nationalised industry or indirectly into a private industry. Indirect utilization of funds will be through development banks and other developmental institutions. Apparently, newly self-governed regions tend to have experience a history of restrictive government activities. Such territories spend a larger share on development projects like expenditure on the provision of transport, health and education. Development expenditures have a certain share allocated in government budget, and most of the time, such expenditures are through tax collections. The main difference between old style public expenditure and social expenditure is that the benefits/positive externalities of the former expenditure are shared by the whole society whereas the benefits/positive externalities of the latter expenditure are shared amongst a relative portion of the society. Development has a relatively skewed impact on a respective society. Some parts of the territory are considerably better off than the rest, in the form of wealth and other goods so the question arises whether the richer territories should be allowed to enjoy higher standards of social expenditure or a uniform/standard form of expenditures should prevail all over the country. This type of problems emerges in unitary as well as federal states. There is a presumption that uniformity is inevitable in a unitary state because there are no government rights. But it should be noticed that there is a clash between the privileges and general philosophy of economic development. Several different forms of social expenditures are adopted by the regional and local administration authority. If these social expenditures are financed by the regional or local government finances, then the wealthier areas would be better off than the poorer areas, in the respect of higher standards of living and greater capability of taxing. The demand for social expenditure is not high, in other words, the concept of social expenditure is not fully developed, and therefore this problem is of acute importance. It should be noted that this is not the case for different countries; some countries are dependent and aware of the concept of social expenditures. Rise in the demand for social expenditure would change the situation. This condition partly depends upon the resource sharing between federal, provincial and local governments. Sometimes, federal government does not have enough resources to spend on social expenditures, that is, when the provincial and local governments can finance such expenditures. But there are certain strict administrative reasons that call for as general rule that the federal government should have a stronger position in the administrative structure, as well as, in the resource distribution. Tax administration is very expensive and difficult task. It is useless to impose taxation on high income individuals if they lesser in quantity. Provincial and local government cannot provide social expenditures solely from their resources. Federal grants are allocated for the purpose of financing social expenditures. Once this is approved, the grant distribution needs to be decided. When deciding the grant distribution, the questions over local inequality are placed. There are still differing opinions over the kind of grants that is neutral, neither de-equalizing nor equalizing in nature (United States of America is a perfect example for welfare grants). From one point of view, welfare grants on the basis of population is neutral (grants equal per head of population), because firstly, the richer areas are given the free will to secure/expand their high standards from their own resources and secondly, this way the poorer regions would be relatively better off with higher standards, which they could not have achieved through their own pool of resources. In reality, this policy on the basis of population is not in any case equalizing, such that it can be called as a general philosophy of development. Higher weightage should be given to poorer regions in order to equalize the effect. Such equalization policies can only be practiced in the light of national unity and greater political power of the poorer areas, otherwise, policies would never be translated into action. Federal government is indicated as prima facie, that is, unity does not exist in federal government. So if this type of equalization is adopted, then it means that the federal government is out of commission. Importance should be placed on determining the size of richer region, whether they are small or large. If the size of richer region is small, it depicts that the country is underdeveloped. Moreover, smaller regions put serious constraints on the equalization. In loose federations, where national unity is weak, equalization on the basis of population remains unacceptable. As richer areas tend to pay more (greater proportion in the central tax collection), therefore they demand greater share in the equalization grants (principle of derivation). This principle will only benefit the rich and make them relatively better off. As a result, inequality will prevail between the richer and poorer regions. Derivation principle is not easily carried out. Now, coming to the non-financial aspect of development: more prominent than the financial aspect of development. Social expenditures, let alone, cannot be regard as the only source of development. Social development has its repercussions if it only focuses on the social aspect, rather a balance of both. For instance, improvement in health facilities will raise the population level and improvement in education will create intellectual proletariat. In order to sustain development, it is important that it based on productivity, for instance, by expansion of productive activities, besides yielding a surplus over the cost of production. The initial financing of productive activities is general and not difficult, while the expansion can be from the profits earned. As governmental institutions dont earn profits, expansion for them is difficult. The productive activities should follow the comparative advantage principle. A country should expand its operation in the industry where they comparatively better so that greater share of profits are acquired. Natural advantage can be either in mineral resources or climatic conditions. Government policies should be adopted in a way that it exploits the benefit out these natural advantages. For example, New Zealand was able to enjoy higher standards of living only by developing policies that favoured their natural advantage (natural resources). Same was the case of Malaysia (comparative advantage in rubber), oil and other resource rich countries. Large supply of natural resources and per head population is a prerequisite of this phenomenon. Typically, underdeveloped countries have a large supply of labour in relation to the land supply. Hence, labour availability is the main beneficiary that it offers. Countries with large supply of labour have lower labour costs. Cheap labour results in low labour costs resulting in lower production costs. Although it is a sign an underdevelopment, cheaper labour confer a comparative advantage over the developed countries where the cost of labour is comparatively high. If industries are built on this low labour cost principle, with time they can attain efficiency and accumulate capital, which will later when the labour costs are no longer low. (Japan is the perfect example of this textbook cum practical procedure). Cheap labour are usually unskilled, therefore, they are more suitable for unskilled, mechanical work. Training them would raise the employers cost. Even if these obstacles are not present, a general obstacle prevails: absence of economies of scale. Protectionism is very common amongst the underdeveloped countries because of the prevalence of infant industries. High rate tariffs are imposed in order to discourage purchases of imports by making them more expensive than domestic, home-produced goods. When setting up industries, it is important that the location and the nature of industry are taken into consideration. For instance, weight gaining good should be near the factor of production, while weight losing good should be near the factory outlet. For example, cement is an example of weight gaining good. Moreover, it is stated that you cannot find any empirical evidences of a country that has industrialised itself, without the aid of infant industry protection and special raw material (natural) advantage. Applying protectionism through the restriction of imports is inevitable if only if, the country demands imported goods. Otherwise, its application is worthless. Prior to the protectionism, the importing country must be financing the foreign good through the exports. Let’s take an example of a country where the export industry is already developed. if the industry was built during the colonial times, then there are high chances that it was built during the free trade times (capitalist economy) and must have exploited the natural resources. Apparently, the country would be based on a primary industry, such as mining or agriculture. The wages earned by the labour and the profits generated by the entrepreneurs would have been spent on imported goods. Otherwise, the industry would have financed through external sources (profits transferred abroad). The balance of payment equalized, without affecting the country’s economy. Apart from when the local labour is attracted to work in the export industry, the impact on the situation would be slight.

Eminem :: essays research papers

For my research paper, I chose to write about Marshall Mathers. I chose to write about him because he is the best young rapper, and I like how he doesn’t care what happens, he just goes with it. He isn’t a very good role model, but he is funny, and couldn’t care less what anybody says about him. He had a rough childhood that reflects to now, and makes great records and songs that describe his life and what has happened during it. Marshall Bruce Mathers III was born on October 17, 1974 in Kansas City, Missouri. He created his own nickname, Eminem, which is pronounced M&M, from his initials, M.M. Marshall had a harsh and cruel childhood, where he constantly moved between Kansas City and Metro Detroit. When he was a child, he lived with his mother. His mother’s name is Debbie Mathers-Briggs. Eminem has never even seen a picture of his father in his life. Eminem and his mother continued moving and never stayed in one place longer than six months. His mothe r worked very hard and many jobs to provide for herself and Marshall. When Eminem was in school, he used to get beat up every day. There wasn’t one day when he didn’t get beat up by the same group of kids, just for being himself. One day those kids almost killed him, and Eminem went into a coma. The day after he got out of the hospital, they moved again. Eminem continued to move back and forth from his mothers to his grandmothers, until the age of 11, when he and his mother settled in Detroit for good. Marshall first started to get into rap when he was 14. Some of his musical influences growing up were the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, and Run DMC. As Eminem persued his rapping career, he would often hustle radio stations into playing his self-made tapes, to get some publicity over the radio waves. Marshall felt that his rapping career was starting to take off. He was getting some big calls to rap in major places and he thought everyone has started to love him. Soon, he fou nd the love of his life, Kim. They had a baby girl together, named Hailie Jade, on December 25, 1995. Eminem decided to release his first full-length album in 1996 called Infinite. It was somewhat of an experimental thing, but the record did not sell any copies.